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Over millions of years, birch trees have evolved to thrive
in a specific type of soil. When a birch is transplanted into a new
environment, the soil is rarely ideal. The make-up of urban soil
(moisture levels, mineral content and composition of organic elements) is
often entirely different from the soil in which birches grow
naturally. As a homeowner, it is your job to create a more natural
soil for your tree. The best way to do this is with the addition of
mycorrhizal fungi.
Mycorrhizae is a symbiotic relationship between beneficial
fungi and plants. Mycorrhizal fungi live in and around the roots of
most plants. In exchange for sugars and simple carbohydrates, the
mycorrhizal fungi absorb and pass on minerals and moisture required for
the plant's growth.
Over tens of millions of years plants have developed this
symbiotic relationship with the fungus to help them survive conditions of
drought, extreme temperatures and periods of low soil fertility.
Mycorrhizal fungi colonize a plant's living root system, in effect
extending it further into the soil - sometimes by up to 1000%! By
taking in nutrients and water and passing it on the roots, these organisms
are a vital link in a plant's nutrient cycle.
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Mycorrhizae form when mycorrhizal fungi infect
newly forming non-woody roots as shown here.
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In nature, mycorrhizal fungi are found on about 99% of
plant species, but in urban environments, the poor, compacted soils often
lack this essential fungi.
Birch trees have also evolved a relationship with
mycorrhizal fungi. As they are planted in urban environments,
however, the relationship is often broken and birches are left to fend for
themselves in hostile conditions. As a homeowner, the best
contribution you can make to your tree's health is to decrease tree stress
with the addition of beneficial mycorrhizal fungi to the soil.
To obtain the right kind of mycorrhizal fungi for your
birch tree, click
here.
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